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More than 50 countries in the world are classified as
“resource rich” by the IMF and yet 1.5 million people in these countries live
on less than $2 a day. Although there are many financial benefits to be gained
from the extractive industries, in most cases these gains have not filtered
down to the average citizen, the people that need it most. Africa as a whole
and the countries within it, are particularly susceptible to the “resource
curse”.
There are two sides to the extractive industry: 1) the
industrial side operated by large multinationals and machinery and 2) the
artisanal or small-scale miner. In the first instance, despite the fact that
the large industrialised companies operate most of the sector and own most of
the land, reports have shown that in some instances they employ few nationals.
For many countries, artisanal mining (ASM) is of great
significance. In Sub-Saharan Africa, ASM directly employs over 10 million
people (Global Briefing Magazine). Many studies have shown that ASM has an
important role to play in poverty alleviation especially because of the number
of people it employs (Reports include “Global
Report on Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining” from the International
Institute for Environment and Development). However, it tends to not have such
a good reputation because of the environmental costs and poor health and safety
standards. With limited enforcement of environmental regulations and inadequate
protected access to land, the priority for subsistence miners is to make ends
meet rather than protect the environment.
The challenge therefore for many governments and agencies alike is how
to secure the benefits for poverty reduction.
Artisanal Mining Operations in Africa,May 2010
(table
available from http://www.afribiz.info/content/artisanal-mining-operations-in-africa)
.
Country
|
Location/Name
|
Owner/Operator
|
Angola
|
Luali River Area
|
Gold
|
Burundi
|
Murehe
|
Tin
|
Burundi
|
Murehe
|
Tungsten
|
Cameroon
|
Various Locations
|
Diamond
|
Cameroon
|
Various Locations
|
Gold
|
Central African Republic
|
Bandas Greenstone Belt
|
Gold
|
Central African Republic
|
Bangana Area
|
Diamond
|
Central African Republic
|
Bogoin-Boali Greenstone Belt
|
Gold
|
Central African Republic
|
Bria Area
|
Diamond
|
Central African Republic
|
Carnot Area
|
Diamond
|
Central African Republic
|
Kotto Area
|
Diamond
|
Central African Republic
|
Quadda Area
|
Diamond
|
Chad
|
Mayo Dala Department
|
Gold
|
Congo – Brazzaville
|
Kellé, Covette-Ouest Department
|
Diamond
|
Congo – Brazzaville
|
Likouala Department
|
Diamond
|
Congo – Brazzaville
|
Yangadou, Sangha Department
|
Diamond
|
Congo – Kinshasa
|
Kasaï Occidental Provinces, in Bandundu Province, at Bafwansende and
Kisangani in Haut-Congo Province, at Lubutu in Maniema Province, at
Kota-Koli, Yakoma, and Gbadolite in Equateur Province), in Nord Kivu
Province, and at Luozi in Bas-Congo Province
|
Diamond
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
Aconibe, Coro, and Mongomo
|
Gold
|
Ghana
|
Birim Valley
|
Diamond
|
Madagascar
|
Mananjary
|
Emerald
|
Madagascar
|
Andilamena and Vatomandry
|
Ruby
|
Madagascar
|
Ilakaka and Sakara
|
Sapphire
|
Morocco
|
Errachidia, Figuig, and Ouarzazate
|
Barite
|
Niger
|
Liptako Region
|
Gold
|
Nigeria
|
Dutse Nkura
|
Tin
|
Nigeria
|
Jos Region
|
Nitrogen, Tantulum
|
Rwanda
|
Cyangugu
|
Sapphire
|
Rwanda
|
Nyungwe Forest
|
Gold
|
Zambia
|
Eastern Province
|
Beryl
|
Zambia
|
Iteshi Teshi; Mumbwa
|
Citrine
|
Zambia
|
Kalunga Wbeba, Hofmeyer
|
Tourmaline
|
Zambia
|
Katete
|
Aquamarine
|
Zambia
|
Kitwe
|
Emerald
|
Zambia
|
Siavunga
|
Garnet
|
Zimbabwe
|
Gwanda
|
Gold
|
Zimbabwe
|
Kamativi
|
Tin
|
References:
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